Derfor historie

Forklar i hovedtræk indholdet i Weimarforfatningen og kom ind på hvilke elementer, der gjorde den sårbar i forhold til opretholdelse af demokratiet? Hvordan var demokratiet truet fra det yderste venstre til det yderste højre? Hvorfor havde antidemokratiske grupperinger succes med at undergrave opbakningen til demokratiet?

Det kommunistiske parti KDP blev grundlagt i 1918. En ledende figur var Rosa Luxemburg, der i december 1918 holdt en tale, der blev grundlæggelsen af partiet (der på dette tidspunkt blev kaldt Spartacus, hvilket var forbundet med den rebelske romerske slave Spartacus). Kilden er bragt i uddrag. I de første år efter krigen opfordrede KDP til boykot af valg. Efter rigsdagsbranden i 1933 blev partiet gjort forbudt.

(...)

Nevertheless, in the most advanced countries, the following will be generally applicable:

1. Abolition of landed property and application of all land rents to public purposes.
2. Heavy progressive taxes.
3. Abolition of the right of inheritance.
4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.
6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the state.
7. Increase in the number of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally, in accordance with a social plan.
8. Equal obligation upon all to labor. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.
9. Unification of agricultural and manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country.
10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form. Unification of education with industrial production, etc., etc.

Kilde: Luxemburg, R. (1971) Selected Political Writings Rosa Luxemburg, Dick Howard (red.). Monthly Review Press © 1971.

What is the actual wording of the passage which is said to be dated? It reads as follows:

The proletariat will use its political supremacy to gradually wrest all capital from the bourgeoisie: to centralize all instruments of production in the hands of the state, i.e., of the proletariat organized as the ruling class; and to increase the total of productive forces as rapidly as possible.

Of course, in the beginning this can only be effected by means of despotic interference into property rights and into the conditions of bourgeois production; by measures, therefore, which appear economically insufficient and untenable, but which, in the course of the movement, go beyond themselves, necessitate further inroads into the old social order, and are unavoidable as a means of revolutionizing the whole mode of production.

The measures will, of course, be different in different countries.

Nevertheless, in the most advanced countries, the following will be generally applicable:

1. Abolition of landed property and application of all land rents to public purposes.
2. Heavy progressive taxes.
3. Abolition of the right of inheritance.
4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.
6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the state.
7. Increase in the number of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally, in accordance with a social plan.
8. Equal obligation upon all to labor. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.
9. Unification of agricultural and manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country.
10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form. Unification of education with industrial production, etc., etc.

Kilde: Luxemburg, R. (1971) Selected Political Writings Rosa Luxemburg, Dick Howard (red.). Monthly Review Press © 1971.

OPSKRIFT TIL, HVORDAN MAN ANALYSERER NETOP DENNE TYPE KILDE (KLIK)